True or False Art Is a Feature of Civilization

A civilization is a complex human being club, usually made upwards of different cities, with certain characteristics of cultural and technological development. In many parts of the world, early on civilizations formed when people began coming together in urban settlements. However, defining what civilization is, and what societies autumn under that designation, is a hotly contested argument, even amongst today's anthropologists.

The word "civilization" relates to the Latin word "civitas" or "city." This is why the most basic definition of the word "civilization" is "a guild made up of cities." But early in the development of the term, anthropologists and others used "civilization" and "civilized society" to differentiate betwixt societies they found culturally superior (which they were often a part of), and those they found culturally inferior (which they referred to as "savage" or "barbarian" cultures). The term "civilisation" was ofttimes applied in an ethnocentric manner, with "civilizations" being considered morally good and culturally advanced, and other societies being morally wrong and "astern." This complicated history is what makes defining a civilization troublesome for scholars, and why today'due south mod definition is still in flux.

Still, near anthropologists agree on some criteria to ascertain a guild as a civilization. Start, civilizations take some kind of urban settlements and are non nomadic. With support from the other people living in the settlement, labor is divided up into specific jobs (chosen the division of labor), so not anybody has to focus on growing their ain food. From this specialization comes form structure and government, both aspects of a civilization. Another criterion for civilization is a surplus of food, which comes from having tools to assist in growing crops. Writing, trading, artwork and monuments, and development of science and engineering are all aspects of civilizations.

However, there are many societies that scholars consider civilizations that do non run into all of the criteria above. For example, the Incan Empire was a large civilization with a authorities and social hierarchy. It left backside a wealth of art, and had highly developed architecture­­­—but no written language. This is why the concept of "civilization" is hard to ascertain; however, it is all the same a helpful framework with which to view how humans come together and form a lodge.

This forest of Buddhist shrines remains at Myanmar's (Burma's) showtime uppercase.

Photograph past W.E. Garrett

anthropologist

Noun

person who studies cultures and characteristics of communities and civilizations.

Noun

circuitous way of life that adult equally humans began to develop urban settlements.

civilize

Verb

to bring out of a savage or uneducated state.

grade

Noun

division in society based on income and type of employment.

contested

Adjective

called into question.

criteria

Plural Noun

set of standards or rules.

Noun

agronomical produce.

Substantive

learned behavior of people, including their languages, belief systems, social structures, institutions, and material appurtenances.

ethnocentric

Adjective

evaluating other peoples and cultures co-ordinate to the belief that i'southward own culture is superior

government

Substantive

organisation or social club of a nation, state, or other political unit.

hierarchy

Substantive

identification of certain actions or items equally having greater or lesser relative impacts.

Incan Empire

Noun

(1438-1533) empire stretching along the coastal highlands and Andes mountains of S America.

labor

Noun

work or employment.

moral

Adjective

correct, merely, or proficient.

nomadic

Describing word

having to do with a fashion of life defective permanent settlement.

brutal

adjective, noun

wild, untamed, uncivilized.

scholar

Noun

educated person.

settlement

Noun

community or hamlet.

social club

Substantive

large community, linked through similarities or relationships.

specialization

Noun

process of concentrating on and becoming an expert in a item subject field or skill

surplus

Noun

more what is needed or wanted.

urban

Adjective

having to exercise with metropolis life.

wealthy

Describing word

very rich.

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  Last Updated

  March 4, 2019

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Source: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/civilizations/